Young people sitting together on a sunny beach in front of city buildings

Leveraging Medicaid to reimagine care and healing

When We Lead is a multi-state initiative that connects young people with community and system leaders to unlock Medicaid as an engine for youth mental health transformation.

Why now

Communities know how to heal.

  • Kids across America face a worsening mental health crisis
  • There will never be enough therapists, but trusted healers – peers, community health workers, youth navigators, school staff, credible messengers, cultural practitioners – work every day to meet unmet need
  • This healing happens in communities, but isn’t recognized or paid for by traditional reimbursement policy
  • By reforming who provides care, where it happens, and how it’s paid for, states can move care to where we all want it: earlier, closer to home, delivered by the people communities trust most

A rare policy window.

  • New Medicaid authorities, managed care reform, and bipartisan urgency around youth mental health have opened a genuine opportunity for systemic change
  • 80% of Americans call children’s mental health a “national emergency”
  • States are leaning in even amid financial volatility
  • Medicaid is the largest payer of mental health services nationally, but doesn’t always reimburse the community-led, team-based, relationship-centered care communities actually want
  • Even amid recent Medicaid changes, coverage for children remains largely intact

When We Lead grew out of a youth-led initiative at the California Children's Trust to center young people's voices.

80%

of Americans call children’s mental health a “national emergency”

It’s time to sharpen our pencils; to listen to, learn from, and build consensus among young people, communities, providers, payers, and systems, and change the rules for the better.

The five essential strategies

Our work is grounded in five strategies that serve as an emerging blueprint for statewide youth mental health transformation.

1

Remove diagnosis as a gatekeeper.

Expand medical-necessity and eligibility criteria so a clinical diagnosis is no longer a precondition for care and support.

2

Reimagine the workforce.

Modernize provider qualifications to include and reimburse peers, community health workers, youth navigators, and cultural healers, meeting young people where they are.

3

Make schools in-network for all health plans.

Treat schools as essential community providers, so every health plan (including both Medicaid and commercial) is required to reimburse for services delivered in schools.

4

Treat parents with their kids.

Low-income Americans interact with the healthcare system 12 to 15 times on average in the first three years of their child’s life. Leverage routine well-child visits and school-based hubs to support children and caregivers together, preventing crises before they start.

5

Design wraparound benefits for our highest-need kids.

Advance intensive, family-led wraparound care for the small number of children with the most complex needs, keeping them in their homes and out of the foster care, justice, and hospital systems.

Financing runs underneath all five strategies: capturing every available federal dollar establishes durable funding streams for community-led healing.

Our work to date

Filter by strategy
DiagnosisWorkforceSchoolsMulti-GenWraparound
Report

WWL: Concept Note

When We Lead is a multi-state initiative to unlock Medicaid as an engine for youth mental health transformation, so care reaches kids earlier, where they are, from people they trust.

Read more →
DiagnosisWorkforceSchoolsMulti-GenWraparound
Report

WWL: The Five Strategies

There is an emerging national consensus on the policy areas that drive meaningful reform for youth mental health.

Read more →
Workforce
Guide

CHW Primer for new providers

Community Health Workers (CHW) provide face-to-face preventive health services.

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Workforce
Guide

New Provider Class Tutorial

These new provider classes help address provider shortages, diversify the workforce, promote delivery system reform, and honor lived experience by creating pathways to family-sustaining employment.

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Where we work

We partner with young people, community-based organizations, advocacy groups, and state Medicaid leaders, using a dual-leadership model that pairs national technical expertise with local partners, to advance change in these states.

Over the last several years, we have made significant progress influencing and shaping key changes in red and blue states. We are now expanding efforts to Hawai’i, Iowa, and Pennsylvania.

Success stories — California, Georgia
Current work — Hawaiʻi, Iowa, Pennsylvania
Map of the United States highlighting California and Georgia (success stories) and Hawaiʻi, Iowa and Pennsylvania (current work)
Success story
California
$4.4B in public investment shaped
Partner: California Children’s Trust
Read the story →

Success stories

PWA and the California Children’s Trust established a youth-led approach to shape $4.4B in public investment and a series of demonstration projects and public sector engagements to advance our policy priority areas.

$4.4B

in public investment shaped through a youth-led approach

Key wins include
  • Established "Z codes," or social determinants of health as a primary diagnosis to access services
  • Made all schools automatically in-network for all health plans
  • Established four new provider types (CHWs, Peers, Doulas, Wellness Coaches) that can now bill Medicaid
  • Established a new dyadic benefit with a $40M demonstration project
  • Supported 28 community-based organizations to bill Medicaid, with revenues annualized to $10M+ per year
  • Designed the 2024 Tiered Foster Care Rate Structure — a ~$1B/year investment and new Wraparound Immediate Needs benefit to support high-need kids

PWA partnered with local funders and state Medicaid leaders to shape $150M in school mental health investment and managed-care policy reforms, fostering alignment across state agencies, CBOs, and policy groups, and building collaborative infrastructure and youth engagement for lasting change.

$150M

in school mental health investment and managed-care reform

Key wins include
  • Helped launch a statewide school mental health initiative and a pilot statewide electronic health record for schools
  • Secured a new Medicaid benefit for system-involved children’s mental health services and built provider readiness to draw it down
  • Analyzed paneling and credentialing for community-based providers and made recommendations to significantly reduce time and administrative burden on new providers
  • Invested in TeamUp for Youth, launching an FQHC-based behavioral health demonstration in pediatric primary care
  • Advocated for CMO contract transparency, resulting in 20 new state Medicaid agency positions to oversee these contracts
  • Seeded workforce development programs for opportunity youth in community mental health and EMS

Current work

1 in 3

high school students report persistent sadness or hopelessness

8×

NHPI youth suicide mortality vs. the statewide youth average

In Hawaiʻi, one in three high school students report persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, rising to nearly half of all girls. Suicide was the leading cause of death for youth ages 10-19 between 2018 and 2022. Of the young people who died by suicide with a documented mental health need, none were receiving services at the time of death. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) youth are disproportionately impacted: their suicide mortality rate is roughly eight times the statewide youth average. Youth from Compact of Free Association communities (Marshallese, Micronesian, Palauan) face additional barriers of language access, migration trauma, stigma, and eligibility gaps.

Led in partnership with local anchor Kamakanaaloha, LLC, former Hawai’i Medicaid Director Judy Mohr Peterson, and Danny Goya, our goal is to align public, private, and philanthropic partners around a shared vision for youth mental health, well-being and resilience. Grounded in cultural- and community-centered approaches, the work seeks to unlock public financing while strengthening the capacity of community organizations already leading healing in communities. Hawaiʻi has already begun this work, and those lessons will shape ongoing priorities across the state.

$49M → $34M

state Medicaid spending on children’s behavioral health, 2018 to 2023

14% → 27%

sixth graders reporting persistent sadness or hopelessness, 2016 to 2021

In Iowa, one in four young people ages 3-17 screen positive for depression, anxiety, or ADHD. Between 2016 and 2021, the share of Iowa sixth graders reporting persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness nearly doubled, from 14% to 27%. Yet half of Iowa youth experiencing a major depressive episode receive no treatment at all. Youth in rural communities and those involved with child welfare or the justice system face steeper barriers: long waits, provider shortages, and care fragmented across systems. The gap is widening even as investment falls: state Medicaid spending on children’s behavioral health dropped from $49 million in 2018 to $34 million in 2023, even as enrollment held steady and the need grew.

Grounded in early, community-based care, the work seeks to unlock public financing while strengthening the capacity of community organizations across Iowa. Significant effort is underway through the REACH settlement and the state’s transition to Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics, opening new doors for community-based organizations to become Medicaid providers. Working alongside state and local partners, When We Lead is building on Iowa's priorities and progress to advance transformation for the state's kids and families.

100+

stakeholders in the Strong Minds, Bright Futures coalition

Across the Commonwealth, children and families are facing growing mental health challenges—but far too often, the systems meant to support them respond too late or not at all. Strong Minds, Bright Futures, the local anchor partner for When We Lead Pennsylvania, is a growing statewide coalition of over 110 partners across 60 counties committed to building a stronger future for Pennsylvania's children. Launched in response to deep concerns raised by families, educators, health professionals, and youth, Strong Minds is transforming how Pennsylvania supports children's mental health across schools, communities, and care systems. Guided by five essential reforms and grounded in community-driven research and youth leadership, Strong Minds leads multi-sector advocacy and implementation toward an equitable, prevention-focused system of care, leveraging Medicaid as the primary financing lever.

National office team

Alex Briscoe
Alex BriscoePrincipal, Strategy and Systems Change
Rajni Dronamraju
Rajni DronamrajuPrincipal, Strategy and Partnerships
Brian Blalock
Brian BlalockPrincipal, Youth Justice & Systems Reform
Gillian Katz Lamon
Gillian Katz LamonChild Welfare & Health Law Fellow

When We Lead is generously supported by the Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation, LSP Family Foundation, Pinterest, the Georgia Mental Health Funders Collaborative, The Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Foundation, Gerbode Foundation, and Hope Lab.

Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation LSP Family Foundation Pinterest Georgia Mental Health Funders Collaborative
The Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Foundation Gerbode Foundation Hopelab
Public Works Alliance
801 Cold Spring Rd
Santa Barbara, CA 93108
info@publicworksalliance.org
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